102 research outputs found
Technique, langue, traduction. Il y a sertissage et sertissage
Little theoretical research has been published on LSP. The most useful approach is that of the âwhole languageâ applied to specialised discourse, an approach which only seems to be represented by Benveniste and Harris. How can a French predicative word such as sertissage be applied in a non-lexicographical approach ? It is suggested to compare the uses of this word in French and its conditional equivalents in other languages (de., en., es., it.), thereby bringing out a conflict between the âcultural stereotypeâ and the âtechnical stereotypeâ, and also between national culture and international culture
La combinatoire des termes. Exemple : nectar de fruits
Terminology is henceforth based on textual analysis, although its methodology remains paradigmatic. Concordances need to be interpreted, and a theory of combinations is needed. In this article, Harrisâ (1968, 1976, 1988) « operator-argument » theory is used, though words, concepts and terms are strictly distinguished. Specialised texts are made up of words as are every text, but some of them denote special concepts, and these are terms. The case of nectar de fruits, as used in EU regulations and FAO Codex alimentarius and on corporate websites, is used to show the relevance of combinatory analysis of concepts and of terms in establishing the ontology of the fruit industry
Le prĂ©dicat sĂ©mantique droit sur le Webâ
Le mot droit a trois sens : il dĂ©nomme deux classes dâobjets (discipline des sciences sociales, taxes) et un prĂ©dicat (droit de x  à /de z). Le Web montre cette polysĂ©mie par la frĂ©quence de coordinations comme droit et Ă©conomie, droits et taxes et droits et obligations, la synonymie des expressions avoir droit Ă , avoir le droit de et ĂȘtre en droit de, et aussi leurs variantes causatives, aspectuelles et dĂ©ontiques.Les usages de lâexpression prĂ©dicative droit ne sont pas complĂštement figĂ©s. Les variantes des composĂ©s syntagmatiques  sont nombreuses, notamment pour droits de lâHomme. Le schĂ©ma logique « droit (HUMAIN,  ) » est souvent elliptique dans les composĂ©s syntagmatiques. Dans les discours, droit dâingĂ©rence humanitaire et devoir dâingĂ©rence humanitaire montrent le flou des prĂ©dicats et lâimportance de lâĂ©nonciateur.There are three meanings of droit : this word is the name of two classes of objects (discipline of social sciences, taxes) and a predicate (right of x to/of z). The WWW shows this polysemy through the frequency of coordinations such as droit et Ă©conomie, droits et taxes and droits et obligations, the synonymy of the phrases avoir droit Ă , avoir le droit de and ĂȘtre en droit de, and also their causative, aspectual and deontic variants.The uses of the predicate droit are not completely frozen. Variants of syntagmatic compounds are numerous, particularly in the case of droits de lâHomme. The logical schema « right (HUMAN, ) » often is elliptic in the syntagmatic compounds. In discourses, droit dâingĂ©rence humanitaire and devoir dâingĂ©rence humanitaire show the fuzziness of predicates and the importance of the speaker
Restrictions paradigmatiques et traduction de schĂ©mas dâarguments
Les schĂ©mas dâarguments sont sujets Ă des restrictions. Les expressions prĂ©dicatives et leurs complĂ©ments ne se combinent pas librement de classe Ă classe. Les noms dâactions, et aussi les noms dâagents, peuvent « condenser » des schĂ©mas en rendant implicites leurs complĂ©ments. Deux concepts sont opĂ©ratoires pour dĂ©crire les restrictions paradigmatiques au niveau du schĂ©ma dâarguments : collocation conceptuelle (variation sĂ©mantique) et paradigme phrasĂ©ologique (variation stylistique). Les consĂ©quences pour la traduction sont observĂ©es sur des corpus textuels (juridiques et vinicoles) et sur le Web.Schemes of arguments are subject to restrictions. Predicative expressions and their complements do not freely combine with each other from one class to another. Nouns of actions, and also nouns of agents, can âcondensateâ schemes by making their complements implicit. Two concepts are operative to describe paradigmatic restrictions as far as the scheme of arguments is concerned, i.e., conceptual collocation (semantic variation) and phraseologic paradigm (stylistic variation). Consequences on translation are observed in textual corpora (in law and winemaking) and on the Web
Discours sur les voitures Ă©lectriques et discours sur Parkinson : quoi de commun ?
Un technolecte comporte une terminologie de domaine et un vocabulaire non thématisé qui est commun à toutes les disciplines scientifiques ou techniques. Cet intertechnolecte a déjà été présenté ailleurs (Lerat 2015 et 2016), mais à propos de discours non universitaires. On se rapproche de ceux-ci dans six écrits relevant de la vulgarisation de haut niveau : trois sont représentatifs de la technologie, trois de la science médicale. Ce qui est commun est un vocabulaire prédicatif : verbes, adjectifs qualificatifs, adverbes, prépositions, nominalisations, autres noms de relation
Approches linguistiques des langues spécialisées
Les langues spĂ©cialisĂ©es sont les langues naturelles face aux connaissances professionnelles. Les dĂ©nominations complexes, les distributions restreintes et les relations interconceptuelles sont trois caractĂ©ristiques majeures. La documentation et la traduction ont besoin de prendre en compte des domaines et des classes dâobjets.LSPs are natural languages used with reference to professional knowledge. Complex designations, restricted distributions and interconceptual links are the major features. Documentation and translation need to take into account domains and categories of objects
Quartic Parameters for Acoustic Applications of Lattice Boltzmann Scheme
Using the Taylor expansion method, we show that it is possible to improve the
lattice Boltzmann method for acoustic applications. We derive a formal
expansion of the eigenvalues of the discrete approximation and fit the
parameters of the scheme to enforce fourth order accuracy. The corresponding
discrete equations are solved with the help of symbolic manipulation. The
solutions are explicited in the case of D3Q27 lattice Boltzmann scheme. Various
numerical tests support the coherence of this approach.Comment: 23 page
Kinetic analysis of the nucleic acid chaperone activity of the Hepatitis C virus core protein
The multifunctional HCV core protein consists of a hydrophilic RNA interacting D1 domain and a hydrophobic D2 domain interacting with membranes and lipid droplets. The core D1 domain was found to possess nucleic acid annealing and strand transfer properties. To further understand these chaperone properties, we investigated how the D1 domain and two peptides encompassing the D1 basic clusters chaperoned the annealing of complementary canonical nucleic acids that correspond to the DNA sequences of the HIV-1 transactivation response element TAR and its complementary cTAR. The core peptides were found to augment cTAR-dTAR annealing kinetics by at least three orders of magnitude. The annealing rate was not affected by modifications of the dTAR loop but was strongly reduced by stabilization of the cTAR stem ends, suggesting that the core-directed annealing reaction is initiated through the terminal bases of cTAR and dTAR. Two kinetic pathways were identified with a fast pre-equilibrium intermediate that then slowly converts into the final extended duplex. The fast and slow pathways differed by the number of base pairs, which should be melted to nucleate the intermediates. The three peptides operate similarly, confirming that the core chaperone properties are mostly supported by its basic clusters
L'hyperonymie dans la structuration des terminologies
Lerat Pierre. L'hyperonymie dans la structuration des terminologies. In: Langages, 25ᔠannée, n°98, 1990. L'hyponymie et l'hyperonymie, sous la direction de Marie-Françoise Mortureux. pp. 79-86
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